Gregor Samsa as Functional Deviant A Hypothetical Interpretation by Friedrich Nietzsche Essay Example Essay Example

Gregor Samsa as Functional Deviant: A Hypothetical Interpretation by Friedrich Nietzsche Essay Example Paper Gregor Samsa as Functional Deviant: A Hypothetical Interpretation by Friedrich Nietzsche Essay Introduction Gregor Samsa as Functional Deviant A Hypothetical Interpretation by Friedrich Nietzsche Russell McNeil Jan 20, 1995 My dear friends: Suppose all that you have always valued in your lives was shown to you to be: illusion. What would it be like to turn truth on her head? To have your precious beliefs, maxims, platitudes, and traditions inverted and distorted beyond recognition? To suddenly realize that what is good, is bad; what is beauty, is foul; what is virtue, vice? What if all your points of reference were to shift: North becomes South; black becomes white; deviant becomes saint; saint ecomes deviant. Suppose that this transformation–a metamorphosis of perception were to come to you — and you alone. Suddenly you awake — and in utter solitude — you discover that the world is its opposite. Two realities strike you all at once: One, you define yourself in terms of your values. With your values now reversed, so too are you reversed: you are a roach! Two, wh at you have become is apparent to everyone else. Gregor Samsa has burrowed his way out of the value set that defined his social setting. The metamorphosis was inevitable.Look at where his values were anchored: servant to the needs of an oppressive boss in order to meet the needs of an exploitive family. So, he ceases to serve. With new values opposing those of the family, the employer, and society at large, Gregor emerges as a deviant. He has entered the world of the despised. Never forget, my friends, that â€Å"truth† is in the eye of the beholder. In Gregor’s world the despised and the beloved are reversed. =:///metamorphosis-summaryanalysis/ class=ilgen data-wpel-link=external rel=nofollow>Franz Kafka is a new thinker — one of that breed I spoke to you about 100 years ago.Gregor Samsa is his agent. Never forget my brilliant words about such men in Beyond Good and Evil: â€Å"The philosopher, being of necessity a man of tomorrow and the day after tomorrow, h as always found himself, and had to find himself, in contradiction to his today: his enemy was ever the ideal of today (Section 212, BGE). † So, I Friedrich, will now tell you what my philosophic friend Franz finds so fascinating about Gregor the bug! Society is an association of institutions held together by a set of artificial values. You like to call them â€Å"truths. I say they are masks – – but never mind. Your prestige in your society is measured by the degree to which you choose to conform to its values. When you conform you are close to the norm. If you deviate from the norm, you are a deviant. But beware. Deviation is met with indignation. But deviation and deviants are essential for your survival. Here’s where I, Friedrich, come in. You see no one knows where the norm is! Why? There is no truth! The deviant defines the norm for you. The norm is established with reference to the deviant.In a world without crime you would have to invent crime. Oh , I know how much you 90’s people rail against crime and justice and criminals–I read your electronic musings–but believe me, without crime you would be lost souls with no reference to good or evil. dare I say you would be beyond good and evil? In your society your deviant subgroups become isolated from the main group because you insist judging everything the deviant does as a further manifestation or proof of the deviance. In fact the label itself defines the deviant individual.Because individuals so defined tend to become isolated and alienated from your main culture, individuals with common â€Å"deviant† characteristics define their own separate sub-cultures. These sub-cultures in turn may differentiate too, generating their own versions of deviance within deviance and new sub-sub- cultures form. Remember that the cohesion of your society depends on these deviant groups as reliable points of reference. The more firmly you believe in the â€Å"truthâ €  of their deviance, the more faith you have in the steadiness of your â€Å"values. Because you define deviance in terms of masks–you call them moral principles (one ought not to deviate), deviant individuals and the subcultures to which they belong can and often do become targets for social oppression. You despise them, but you cannot exist without them. This all serves an important social function. Let’s say you as a social group adhere to the moral principle, â€Å"one ought to behave within the law. † Under such a belief â€Å"outlaws† are deviant. Outlaws are a threat to your security. You form a mental model of what an outlaw is like: a certain stereotype emerges.Outlaws reveal themselves by their dress, language, and habits. You and I know this is not always true about outlaws, but the stereotype provides some comfort to you. Of course if you are an outlaw and comfortable as one, adopting the dress, language, and mannerisms of the stereotype may make you feel at home with your outlaw peers, and comfortable as a member of an outlaw subculture. You have exaggerated cultural examples of this in your portrayals of outlaws: prohibition gangsters, old western movie villains, Mafia operatives, outlaw motorcycle gangs.You even use age as a basis for referencing deviation to a norm. To some extent young people (teens in particular) and very old people tend to occupy sub-cultural niches in which they feel comfortable because they have become isolated from the main social group. Teens and old people do deviate from the norm with respect to age. But the very label â€Å"teen† or â€Å"old† carries a whole catalogue of behavioral expectations for you. You know the stereotypes: teens are rebellious and careless. Old people are senile and unreliable.Whether true or not, the behavior, dress and mannerisms of young and old people are seen by the main group as further evidence of the stereotype. These age based social refer ence points help anchor your social norm: that of the ideal, reliable and conforming, middle aged conformer. The deviants: teens and old people in turn tend to cluster within cultural sub- groups in which they mirror common forms of dress, behavior and mannerisms. There are endless ways in which people in your society can deviate from behavior norms.Religion or religiosity is or was seen as a basis for defining sub groups: a hot debate in some US states right now over school prayer is pitting those against prayer (labeled by the large group as â€Å"atheist†) against more mainstream Christian believers. Point being here that the anything the â€Å"atheist† says or does is seen as further evidence of the label. Again, according to the argument, the social stereotyping reinforces the values of the main group by giving it reference points. Once labeled you are marked forever.There are other examples: skin color (black, white, native); economic class (rich, poor, employed, unemployed), ethnic background and illness illness (both physical and mental). The behavior of anyone who suffers from a serious mental or physical disability tends to be interpreted as flowing from the conditions of the disability–to the exclusion of anything else. If you are labeled insane (or mislabeled insane) there is little you can do or say that will not be seen as further evidence of your illness. Ten years ago Guy Paul Morin was labeled schizophrenic.Look how easy it was for a jury of 12 to convict him of a horrendous murder and rape of a child based mainly on the expert characterization of someone with that label: psychiatrists said: â€Å"Mr. Morin could have done what he did in a delusionary haze and utterly repressed the memory. † Everything that Guy Paul Morin said or did during his 10 years of life as a social cockroach was understood through the filter of your society’s characterization of the mental deviance known as schizophrenia. Mr. Morin wa s cleared on Monday. DNA evidence proved that he could not have committed the crime.Sexual deviation can be seen in this light too. Where heterosexuality is the norm and where there is a social moral principle that that is the way one â€Å"ought† to be, those who deviate from that norm are labeled as deviant. The â€Å"gay† subculture is a reference for normal behavior. The subculture in turn may appropriate its own set of normal rules, dress, and behavioral standards. â€Å"Gregor Samsa woke up one morning changed into a monstrous vermin:† Really? You think so? â€Å"Gregor’s eyes turned to the window, and the overcast weather—completely depressed him. If you suddenly found yourself in Gregor’s shoes–six shoes to be exact–would the weather be your first concern? Consider the possibility that Gregor had acquired a label: a label from which he knew he would never escape: a label so odious in the eyes of family, boss, and socie ty at large that nothing Gregor could do, or say could ever be interpreted as anything other than further evidence of the condition to which that label had attached? Had Gregor acquired the characteristics of a functional deviate? The real metamorphosis that takes place in labeling is complete.Not only do others see us in terms of the label, we see ourselves that way too: The label becomes deeply internalized. â€Å"Gregor was shocked to hear his own voice answering, unmistakably his own voice, but from below an insistent distressed chirping intruded. † On page 11 Gregor answers his father’s request that he open the door with a clear â€Å"No. † The response produces a stunned silence and a sob from his sister. It was the last intelligible word Gregor would ever utter. It would soon become apparent to the rest of the world that Gregor was indeed what he himself knew he was: a social deviant.With the door opened everyone was shocked. It was Gregor–but Greg or transformed- his long speech on page 16 appeals to the manager to accept him. â€Å"I’m in a tight spot. † He isn’t heard. His appeal for understanding, forgiveness and a second chance fall on deaf ears. Gregor has become something loathsome to the social norm. His appeal is nothing more than the ranting of a labeled man. Nothing he says or does from this point forward will or can be referenced in any other light. Familial and social stability depend on it. As odious and as reviled as Gregor has become, he serves a ritical function within his social setting. His very existence allows his family to establish a familiar norm–one that was missing when Gregor the salesman ruled the roost. His father had been, sullen, and lethargic. His mother asthmatic. His sister lazy. With Gregor, the deviant as a point of reference all three experience a transformation: they become socially defined. The father regains vitality; the mother sews, the sister learns music, French and short hand. All three become economic producers. The deviant, Gregor, has an important role to play in this family.There are other pieces in this puzzle that fit the picture. Gregor the bug may hold alien values, but he is essential. He is isolated from the main stream but tethered to it. Deviants are reviled but critical for survival. For Gregor the tethers are universals: music and love. â€Å"Was he an animal that music could hold him so? (p. 49)† The cleaning lady says, â€Å"Look at that old dung beetle. † She later credits Gregor with, â€Å"unlimited intelligence. † Her friendly derision towards Gregor Samsa expresses a winking acknowledgment of ertain shared values. She is a ally. She too is a deviant–and as part of an economic underclass recognizes and shares something of Gregor’s world. And what of Gregor’s world and Gregor’s values? Remember my words: â€Å"He shall be greatest who can be lonliest, the most conc ealed, the most deviant, the human being beyond good and evil, the master of his virtues, he that is overrich in will. Precisely this shall be called greatness; being capable of being as manifold as whole, as ample as full. (BGE 212)† Thank You. Gregor Samsa as Functional Deviant: A Hypothetical Interpretation by Friedrich Nietzsche Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Human Genome essays

Human Genome essays Would the money spent on the human genome project be better spent on feeding the population of the world? There are many problems that are currently facing our world, whether it is the high level of disease, or the problem of famine in many countries. This brings us to an important question. Is it more important to spend huge amounts of money on something that will benefit all of humankind in the future, in this case the Human genome Project, or to spend the money of feeding all the members of the human race? There are many advantages, disadvantages and issues that need to be addressed when attempting to answer this question. Firstly, an introduction of the Human Genome Project. The Human Genome Project is an international scientific organisation thats aim is to gain a basic understanding of the entire genetic blueprint of a human being . The genetic information is found in each cell of the body and encoded in the DNA. This project intends to identify all the genes in the nucleus of a human cell, to establish by a process known as mapping where those genes are located on the chromosomes and to determine by a process known as sequencing, the order of the chemical subunits in the DNA which encode the genetic information. A first working draft has been achieved but plenty of work still needs to be done to identify the thousands of genes and their functions. As the above information would suggest, this process will not happen cheaply. It is rumoured to have a cost of three billion dollars, which would be more then enough to feed the world and prevent the famine that is currently occurring. The following table shows the amount of money that has been spent on the Human Genome Project. It can easily be seen that this amount is very considerable. ...

An argumentation essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An argumentation - Essay Example But that should not be the case for further advancement in stem cell research. The main opponents of stem cell research do so on the basis of religious beliefs. But medical science has proven that there are other possible sources of stem cells (â€Å"Stem Cell Research Pros and Cons†), it would be unfair and illogical to ban further research into the field based solely upon religious beliefs. That is why our government policy must allow for the development of stem cell research for incurable illnesses in the future, provided that these studies and experiments are not done on human fetuses but rather on: Keeping in mind that these two other sources for stem cells in human beings exists, there is no clear barrier towards the further advancement of medical technology using the stem cell method since it is obvious that the other methods respect the dignity of the human life. Advancement in fertility science for human beings has resulted in two things. An increased ability of the human being to create new life and, the abandonment of over 400,000 embryos in fertilization clinics. (Rowley,† Embyronic Stem Cell Research Does Too Much Good to be Evil Say Janet Rowley). These abandoned embryos still have the power to make a marked contribution to our society even if they do not continue to mature into a viable fetus once their use is reassigned for the promotion of human health as a stem cell research source. Since these embryos were never actually stored in the body of a woman, these cannot be considered to be sources of â€Å"human stem cell†. That is because these are not embryonic stem cells in the essence of the word but rather, plunpotent stem cells, human cells that have been genetically manipulated to not create life but rather offer the life giving properties of human stem cells instead (Rowley,† Embyronic Stem Cell Research Does Too Much Good to be Evil Say Janet Rowley). In order to

Key Influences For Choosing a Political Party Research Paper

Key Influences For Choosing a Political Party - Research Paper Example Political parties desire to control the administration and fight for merely manipulating the government. Politicians usually have zeal to create and impose policies. The roles of political parties are conscripting candidates that will be liked by others. Political parties also schedule and control elections, for the rationale of involving other individuals. A further task would be to propose numerous strategies, for the function of diversity, and a sentiment of option within the citizens. Taking a political scope to establish personal views in regarding to others is what a person should concern in the choice of a political party (Hauss, 2011). Political parties will systematize congress, as a function. There are various resemblances amid interest clusters and political parties. One resemblance is that all of them desire and fight to change the laws and decrees of a country. Secondly, these parties reason to comprise and include the public as a resource in their objectives to reach an d conquer their goals. These functions and aims have diversities and similarities ranging from diverse parties and interest clusters. The most diverging factor amid the political parties is the interest in collaborating or rejecting the government. ... One should choose a party that is centered on the citizens and what they actually want. The influence of the people is what counts. This is in respect of democracy and articulation of party policies regarding chain of command and author authoritative factors. Some limiting factors of these political parties might be their employment tactics as far as implementation and the manner of execution is concerned. One merit of a political party in the United States egalitarianism is that they amalgamate diverse groups to work and visualize in the same perspectives, who have assumed the same position. A good choice should be choosing a party that appeal to the citizens as a whole in order to have a universal control in the government. This factor is beneficial since it offers individuals an opportunity to take a stand on who they desire to run the federal government. Presentation of information to the public is one factor that most political parties lack. At times, they will administer false information that misleads for the purpose of attaining their objective. Once a political party is in power, it can manipulate all degrees and level of the government. This might not be a proper aspect if the party has no interest in the public. This might be a reason one should foster in an attempt to scrutinize the aspects of the political party of choice. Political parties comprising of interest clusters and groups create a beneficial association in the U.S democracy since establish a representation of the citizens and their civil rights. This is due since they comprise of individuals in the society who have undergone all that partakes to fulfill the citizens interests (Rosati & Scott, 2011). One should look at a political party that would want to

Cases Of Plagiarism And Its Consequences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cases Of Plagiarism And Its Consequences - Essay Example Also, it was detected that only the last edition of her book contained a thanksgiving paragraph for Taggart’s in the preface although nothing was written about him in the preface of the first edition. Goodwin had been ousted from the university but the matter was settled very quietly between Goodwin and Taggart with the latter taking no strict action against the accused (Crader). There had been a similar case of plagiarism two years back where Stephen Ambrose, a historian was accused of copying in his book â€Å"The Wild Blue†. He had copied innumerable lines including some entire texts from Thomas Childers â€Å"Wings of Morning†. Some important phrases from Childers book like ‘glittering like mica’ and ‘up, up, up’ has been repeated word by word in â€Å"The Wild Blue† and not been put in quotation marks. Also, he has not done proper referencing and mentioned Childers only in bibliography and footnotes. However, Ambrose escaped the accusation unscathed as Guilders didn’t take any action against him for plagiarism (Barnes). The consequence of plagiarism can be judged only on the basis that whether it was intended or unintended. The above articles indicate that the works done by Ambrose and Goodwin revealed intended plagiarism since the subjects were similar to the books they plagiarized. However, no action was taken against them and such a result sounds unfair as strict actions should be taken against such people. Although Goodwin was ousted from her University, she received several accolades for her work later on from the same university. So it can be said that justice had not been done and created a wrong example for students and authors alike.

Case Study: Food Expiration Dates

Case Study: Food Expiration Dates If the best before date stamped on your milk carton says January 1, 2011, does that mean its not safe to drink it anymore on January 2? How long can raw meat last inside the fridge before it goes bad? Is there a difference between Use by, Best before, Sell by, and all the other date labels? Questions like these continue to boggle many Filipino homemakers today. With the constant struggle to stretch every peso for their family, throwing away unconsumed food just because a date says so is something that isnt fun to do at all. What do these dates really mean and should they be followed with utmost strictness? Food Product Dating Placing dates on food products is a practice being followed by the food industry to let the retail store know how long a product for sale should be put on display. Food product dating also helps consumers like us determine until when we can buy or use the product at its best quality, provided it has been properly stored. Do note that these dates are not to be confused as a safety date, as there are many factors that determine food safety. There are basically two types of food product dating: closed or coded dating and open dating. Closed or coded dating may be seen on shelf-stable products like canned goods and boxes of food. Coded dates can be in MMDDYY format, while some manufacturers use the Julian calendar wherein January would be 001 to 0031 (1st to the 31st day of the year) and December would be 334 to 365 (334th to the 365th day of the year). These are packing numbers meant to be used by the food manufacturers to track production. The dates that most consumers see on the grocery shelves, on the other hand, like those stamped on packed meat, eggs and dairy products, is called open dating. This uses the standard calendar date format such as date month year or dd/mm/yy. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Regulation No. 001 Series of 1982 (Subject: Guidelines for Open-Date Marking of Prepackaged Foods), open date markings should be indicated on food packages using indelible ink or embossed on cans or any other acceptable manner. The same guidelines also specify that the date marking should appear in a conspicuous place such as in the front panel of the label or on top of packages like box, bottles or cans. Putting open-date markings on packaged food products is routinely done by food producers and manufacturers, but not all of them are required to do so. According to the BFAD Memorandum Circular No. 6 s. 1993 (Subject: Monitoring of Food Products Requiring an Open Date Marking), the food products that are required to indicate their best before date are the following: Liquid Milk Products which include filled, recombined or reconstituted evaporated milk, sweetened condensed milk, and UHT sterilized milk. Whole Milk Powder Dried Dairy Milk Powder Filled Milk Powder Skimmed Milk Powder Bakery Products (those sold in supermarkets, not in bakeries) which include loaf bread and buns Infant Food and Infant Formula Vitamin C-enriched liquid fruit drinks because after some time, vitamin C content may not be as much as what the label declares. According to FDA Regulation No. 001-D s. 1982 (Subject: Guidelines for the Open-date marking of Vitamin C enriched liquid fruit drinks), before its best before date, these fruit drinks should at any time contain 80% of the label claim of Vitamin C, but not lower than 30 mg/250 mg sample. The memorandum also mentions the directive that requires retailers to remove from their sales counters all products above that do not bear the required open date markings. The open dates are based on the average shelf life of the food item being packed before it loses its optimal quality or nutritional content. This doesnt mean that after the date you cannot consume the products anymore, it simply means that the quality of food is no longer assured. Once the date passes, food products should still be safe for consumption, as long as its handled and stored properly (i.e. kept at 40 degrees F or below). You may continue to consume food past its best before date up to a certain extent, depending on the recommended storage times that will be discussed further down this article. Open Date terminology Locally, the Bureau of Food and Drugs (which was later renamed Food and Drug Administration or FDA in August 2009), enforces guidelines that cover open-date marking and labeling of packaged food. The FDA defines the different types of open date terminology as the following: Consume Before Date also known as Use by date or Expiry date. This is the date which gives you the last day of the products estimated shelf life. This is only guaranteed if certain storage conditions are met, of course, such as storage temperature and handling. Beyond this date, the food product in not considered marketable anymore or is expired and must be discarded. The consume before date must be indicated in labels of packed fresh food products like fruit juices, chocolate drinks, fresh milk, butter, yogurt, cream, cheese, cured or frozen meat and fish, bakery products, and baby food. Products that have no preservatives are highly perishable therefore indelible markings must be indicated visibly in these labels. Best Before Date also called Best if used by date. The keyword here is using the word best beside the date, meaning it is the date which signifies the end of the period where the products best quality is guaranteed. Again, the guarantee assumes a stated storage condition. Beyond this date, the products quality attributes will be expected to deteriorate but may still be satisfactory for human consumption. After a few days or weeks of the indicated date, though, changes in color or texture and decrease in nutritional content may is expected. Other products, especially those imported from overseas, may have different open date markings compared to locally distributed food. The following are some of the more popular open date terms used: Sell-By Date this is actually meant for the store owners more than the consumers. This date gives an approximation on how long the store should display a product for sale before it should be pulled out of the shelves. Consumers are also advised to buy the product before the sell-by date because, according to senior faculty member Paul VanLandingham of the Johnson Wales University Center for Food and Beverage Management, this is the last date wherein freshness is at highest level of quality in terms of taste, freshness and consistency. After the sell-by date, the food product should still be edible for some time after. Born-On Date this is equivalent to the date of manufacture and is often used to date beer. VanLandingham explains that beer quality is affected by how much sunlight it is exposed to. Since sunlight can reactivate microorganisms in the beer, store owners are advised to be careful with handling beer in clear bottles more than those in dark brown or clean bottles. Generally, commercialized beer can go sub-par after three months from the born on date. Guaranteed Fresh Date this is usually used by bakeries and is similar to best before date. As the name suggests, the guarantee is given that the baked product is at peak freshness before the date indicated. After the guaranteed fresh date, food will still be edible and may still be consumed, but taste, texture and nutritional value may not be the same anymore. Storage Times Keeping food at 40Â ° F or below inside a refrigerator is usually good s for food as the common food-borne bacteria usually grow in much higher temperatures (41 degrees F and above). Did you know that if you freeze perishable food like meat cuts, youre actually extending your foods shelf life by as much as several days? The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service website gives a food storage chart on food that bears a sell by or no date marking. Assuming youre storing food at 40 degrees Fahrenheit or below, cook or freeze the following food products by the times mentioned below: Raw poultry, ground meat, variety meats (like heart, tongue, liver, brain, etc), uncooked beef or pork sausages: 1 or 2 days Raw pork, beef, lamb, veal: 3 to 5 days Cured meat (like ham, tocino, etc): 5 to 7 days Eggs: 3 to 5 weeks Cooked poultry and sausages: 3 to 4 days Hotdogs and bacon: 2 weeks if sealed, 1 week if opened Luncheon meat: 2 weeks if sealed, 3 to 5 days if opened Cooked ham: 7 days if sealed; if opened, 3 days for slices, 7 days if kept whole Canned ham (with keep refrigerated label): 9 months if unopened, 3-4 days if opened Canned meat and poultry: 2-5 years if unopened; if opened, 3-4 days Life after food product dates According to experts, the average American family disposes of over 120 lbs of food monthly food that could have still been perfectly okay to eat! Talk about wasted money on what should have been spent on other basic needs of the family. Well, good thing that a USDA research has reported how packed foods can last several days (some, even weeks) after the sell-by date printed on packages. This is certainly good news for the Filipino household budgeters. As recommended by the Center of Consumer Research at University of California, Davis, heres a list of foodproducts that are okay to consume (if properly handled and stored) even after open date markings: Milk if pasteurized, milk usually remains fresh for about 5-7 days after the sell-by date. Make sure that its not exposed too long to sunlight, though, as it can lose some essential vitamins. This is why most milk cartons come in opaque containers. Eggs can be stored up to 5 weeks after taking them home. This is because most egg processing plants coat their eggs in mineral oil, which essentially blocks bacteria from entering any of the approximately 17,000 egg shell pores. Keeping eggs refrigerated also keeps bacteria away. Its best to keep them in their original carton and place them in the colder parts of your ref, not on the egg tray placed at the door (this is actually the warmest part of the fridge) Poultry, beef, pork and seafood cooking before storing in the fridge doubles the original shelf life of meats (3 to 5 days instead of 1 to 2 days). Once completely frozen, meat can last up to several weeks, even months. According to the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, freezing meat at 0Â °F (which is equivalent to -17.78Â °C) is best for safety reasons. Keeping meat frozen at 0Â °F wont kill bacteria that can cause food-borne illnesses, but it sure can slow down growth by forcing them into a state of dormancy. Some parasites can be killed at this temperature. Theoretically, keeping food frozen at this temperature can make meat last forever. Attempting to achieve this at home, however, is an extremely difficult task since your refrigerator is opened several times a day (causing fluctuation in temperature every time). Taking this into consideration, heres a list of recommended storage times of frozen products in home refrigerators: Bacon, sausage, raw poultry: 1 to 2 months Ham, cooked meat, hot dogs or cold cuts: 2 to 3 months Raw ground meat: 3 to 4 months Cooked poultry: 4 months Raw steaks, roasts or chops: 4 months to a year Raw poultry parts: 9 months Canned goods normally, canned goods are great refrigerator-free foods that last long if stored in the right conditions. If you cant find an expiry date printed on the label, here are some easy reminders on how long they usually last: highly acidic canned food like pineapple or tomato sauce can last about 18 months or more. Canned goods that are low in acid content like canned veggies or meat can be kept up to 5 years. Texas AM University professor of food and nutrition Peggy VanLaanen strongly recommends keeping canned goods at 50-70 degrees Fahrenheit in a dry, dark place for optimal shelf life. Humidity can speed-up deterioration, so this should be avoided. Do not buy dented cans or those that are swelling or bulging since these may easily be harboring harmful bacteria already (if you have bulging cans in your shelves, throw them out now even if expiration date isnt due yet) Yogurt this can last up to 5 days beyond the use by date, for as long as you keep them refrigerated. You may lose the friendly bacteria after this, but it should still be safe to eat. To keep yogurt fresh longer, place it upside down in your refrigerator as this creates a seal that can keep harmful bacteria from seeping in its packaging. Fruit juice this can last up to 6 days beyond the use by date, for as long as you keep them refrigerated. The sugars and acids added to your fruit juice already lengthen the shelf life and those in concentrate form can also last longer because air has been removed prior to packing. Keeping juices in the refrigerator after purchasing them will surely lengthen shelf life in general. Mishandled food can breed bacteria even before its labeled date, so it is important that you follow storage instructions mentioned in product packaging. For example, if you bought a pack of hotdogs that say theyll expire next month and you forgot to refrigerate the pack for several days, bacteria could have already contaminated your food even before the expiration date. If food is already contaminated by harmful bacteria like Listeria, E. coli or Salmonella, they can multiply and build colonies within days, even if you decide to throw the forgotten pack of hotdogs back in the refrigerator. According to food safety advocate, Bill Marler of Marler Clark (a Seattle law firm that represents victims of food poisoning), when bacteria are already present in food, the use-by date becomes irrelevant since it can cause harm even before the date indicated. In this case, it will be safer for you and your family to just throw away unconsumed food instead of risking the possibility of getting sick. Trust your nose and tongue For food that are not packed for commercial distribution (like cooked viands bought from a local carinderia or made to order baked goodies), the best way to find out if food is still edible or not is if we use our God-given sense of smell and taste. These are actually what our ancestors used back when food dating was not discovered yet. In general, you should not eat food that gives off a repulsive smell or taste, as it most likely isnt fit for consumption anymore. In the absence of an expiry date sniffing and tasting is the way to go! Sources: http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/oct2006/db20061002_959305.htm http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/guide/do-food-expiration-dates-matter http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/5389/a_guide_to_food_expiration_dates.html?cat=22 http://www.safety.com/articles/what-do-food-expiration-dates-really-mean.html http://www.fsis.usda.gov/factsheets/food_product_dating/index.asp http://thehealthylivingsite.com/2010/09/03/foods-you-can-safely-eat-past-the-expiration-date/ http://www.entrepreneur.com.ph/features/article/read-the-label http://www.bfad.gov.ph/oldsite/FDA%20Regulation%20001%20s.%201982.pdf http://www.bfad.gov.ph/oldsite/MC/mc%206%201993.pdf http://www.bfad.gov.ph/oldsite/BC/fda%20reg%201-d%201982.pdf http://www.wisegeek.com/how-long-will-frozen-meat-stay-fresh.htm

The Unresolved Bridge Problem Essay -- Philosopher Karl Popper

Philosopher Karl Popper, an inductive skeptic, is criticized by his objection to confirmation. Rather than using the term confirmation to describe a theory that has continued to be proven correctly, Popper created his own term. Popper says that corroboration is a term used to describe theories that have been tested and not yet falsified. According to Peter Godfrey-Smith (G-S), â€Å"Popper can say why we should prefer to use a theory that has not been falsified over a theory that has been falsified† (Smith 68). The problem with Popper lies when he is presented with two theories, neither of which has been falsified. This is when Popper has difficulty choosing one theory over another. This situation can be better understood by looking at the bridge problem. I will argue that Popper is unable to solve the bridge problem using corroboration because the term is synonymous with confirmation. There are two theories (T1: Theory One) and (T2: Theory Two) that have different implications for how to build a bridge. These two theories are similar because they both have not been falsified however they differ because one has been tested and the other has not. The theories are stated explicitly below. T1: Theory that has been tested many times and has never been falsified T2: Theory that has never been tested and has never been falsified Next we can formally reconstruct the argument in modus ponens form as follows: (P1) If T1 is corroborated, then T1 is rational (P2) T1 is corroborated (C) T1 is rational Before I say what is wrong with the argument, I want to explain the bridge objection. In â€Å"Theory and Reality,† G-S presents the bridge problem, which is a response to Popper made by inductivist’s. I chose to explain this... ...t his term corroboration is synonymous to confirmation. In conclusion, I have argued that Popper is unable to solve the volleyball problem using corroboration because the term is synonymous with corroboration and Popper denies confirmation. Granted, there must be more to what Popper thinks of corroboration, we have no reason from the readings to see why the two terms corroboration and confirmation differ. Until Popper says more about corroboration we are entitled to treat the term as equivalent in meaning to confirmation Work Cited Blackmon, James. â€Å"Lecture #13: â€Å"Confirmation.† Philosophy 30. UC DAVIS. Davis, 5 Nov 2013. Blackmon, James. â€Å"Lecture #17: â€Å"Popper’s Bridge.† Philosophy 30. UC DAVIS. Davis, 26 Nov 2013. Godfrey-Smith, Peter. Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2003. Print.

The Life of Adam: Heroes Don’t Run

Heroes Don't Run: A Novel of the Pacific War Author: Harry Mazer Brennan Gaspard October 2, 2009 5th hour, Mrs. Reeves Heroes Don't Run: A Novel of the Pacific War written by Harry Mazer. This is a fiction story with a lot of action and history. Reading this story made me feel like I was really there along the side of Adam during the Pacific war. Adam is determined to serve his country in honor of his father, a naval officer, who was killed in Pearl Harbor. Adam enlisted in the Marines hoping that serving his country would be honoring his father’s wishes.It was what his father would have expected of him. Adam felt like he had to do his part by serving in the Pacific war before it ended. What Adam didn’t know was that war was not at all like he expected. In 1944, Adam Pelko, waits for his eighteenth birthday to come so he can sign up with the Marines and serve his country. The story began in Bakersfield, California where Adam lived with his mother and little sister Bea. Adam was only seventeen years old and could not get his mind off of signing up for the Marines.He knew his mother was against him signing up, but he had to follow his dream. Adam finally got the opportunity when he got to visit his grandfather, Osker Pelko, who lived in Watertown, New York. He served in World War I and understood why his grandson wanted to sign up so bad. Adam’s grandfather signed him up even though he too did not want to lose him because he had already lost his son, Adams father to war. Adam is sent to boot camp, then to Okinawa to fight the Japanese and to do his part in the Pacific war.During the war Adam friends Ben and Rosie are killed. Adam has constant memories about his father and witnesses unforgettable experiences. Adam’s leg gets injured by a mortar shell blast that blows fragments of rock, dirt, and even bits of bone into his body. He is sent to the Aiea Naval hospital in Honolulu. Adam had to have several operations and a cast put on his l eg. While in the hospital Adam thinks about his two friends Rosie and Ben being real hero’s because they were killed in battle.In the summer of 1945, Adams was released and able to go home. As soon as he the ship docked he called his mother and grandfather to tell them he was coming home. After being released by the doctors at the San Diego Marine hospital, Adam goes home to California. Once Adam finally gets home he realizes that the whole war isn't about the guns or killing people. He was put in the situation to fight for his life and his opinion about war had changed. He remembered how scared he got and tried to avoid fighting.He did not feel like a hero. Adam also realized what he had put his mother through having her worry if he was alive or dead. He considered giving her the purple heart and saying, â€Å"It’s for you too, mom. † Adam enjoyed being home with his family and did not want to talk about the war. He did not feel like a hero, even though he had fought for his country instead of running. I really liked this story because it showed me what soldiers have to go through to keep our freedom.

Free Essays on Deterrence

By Gerard Chretien Deterrence is a theory of International relations based in Realism. Essentially, it tries to explain the situation of when two or more states threaten retaliation if attacked, in order to deter the attack. It is therefore possible to very simply state deterrence as "You hit me, I hit you." For this essay, two main questions have to be addressed, ‘Has it worked?’ and ‘Does it make sense?’ To answer these questions, I will firstly define what deterrence is, I will then examine some of the main arguments for and against it, in theory and in reality; finally, I will show some of the consequences of states following such a policy. Deterrence, as already stated, can concern itself with any form of threatened counter-attack, however, for this essay, I shall be concentrating on Nuclear deterrence, using examples from the cold war, therefore, when the word ‘deterrence’ is used, it should be taken as ‘nuclear deterrence’. Hedley Bull describe s deterrence as follows: "To say that country A deters country B from doing something is to imply the following: (i) That Country A conveys to Country B a threat to inflict punishment or deprivation of values if it embarks on a certain course of action; (ii) That Country B might otherwise embark on that course of action; (iii) That Country B believes that Country A has the capacity and the will to carry out the threat, and decides for this reason that the course of action is not worthwhile." Therefore, for deterrence to occur, a state must convey a message to another state, usually "these will be the public an authoritative utterances of government officials." Secondly, to use Hedley Bulls’ language, country B would consider following a course of action which Country A does not wish and does not because of the threat - not because it has no interest to. Thirdly, Country A must be able to convince Country B that it is capable of carrying out its deterrence threat and i... Free Essays on Deterrence Free Essays on Deterrence By Gerard Chretien Deterrence is a theory of International relations based in Realism. Essentially, it tries to explain the situation of when two or more states threaten retaliation if attacked, in order to deter the attack. It is therefore possible to very simply state deterrence as "You hit me, I hit you." For this essay, two main questions have to be addressed, ‘Has it worked?’ and ‘Does it make sense?’ To answer these questions, I will firstly define what deterrence is, I will then examine some of the main arguments for and against it, in theory and in reality; finally, I will show some of the consequences of states following such a policy. Deterrence, as already stated, can concern itself with any form of threatened counter-attack, however, for this essay, I shall be concentrating on Nuclear deterrence, using examples from the cold war, therefore, when the word ‘deterrence’ is used, it should be taken as ‘nuclear deterrence’. Hedley Bull describe s deterrence as follows: "To say that country A deters country B from doing something is to imply the following: (i) That Country A conveys to Country B a threat to inflict punishment or deprivation of values if it embarks on a certain course of action; (ii) That Country B might otherwise embark on that course of action; (iii) That Country B believes that Country A has the capacity and the will to carry out the threat, and decides for this reason that the course of action is not worthwhile." Therefore, for deterrence to occur, a state must convey a message to another state, usually "these will be the public an authoritative utterances of government officials." Secondly, to use Hedley Bulls’ language, country B would consider following a course of action which Country A does not wish and does not because of the threat - not because it has no interest to. Thirdly, Country A must be able to convince Country B that it is capable of carrying out its deterrence threat and i...

A Brave New Audience essays

A Brave New Audience essays Over time, technology has become increasingly more advanced. This is unfortunate for mankind because the more advanced, the more serious television gets, the worse it is for its viewers. It constantly feeds people information with which they take in without even knowing its perils. What they think is an excellent source of information, is actually a dangerous medium through which millions of Americans reduce their intelligence. According to Neil Postman, it is simply just a detriment of content because it focuses more on images, rather than content. In Postman's essay, "The Huxleyan Warning", he exhorts readers that Huxley's prophecies are beginning to be realized. He claims that society will enslave themselves through their love for their own tyranny; the technologies that disable their abilities to think. This technology comes through the form of a television screen. These prophecies, which were first introduced to us by Aldous Huxley, are visible in the movie The Truman Show. "Tr uman", is a normal human being, unknowingly being watched by billions of viewers ever since his birth. Viewers are stuck to their television sets watching his every move. What is unfortunate is that Huxley's beliefs are beginning to be fulfilled; the audience cannot seem to leave Truman. They are prisoners of the television: The Truman Show has created a way of life for them. However, society has not always been drowned out by technology. Culture used to rely on traditional tools, not technology. Tools do not affect the dignity and rectitude of the culture to which they are introduced. Unfortunately we are presented with the phenomenon of technology, most notably the television and computer, which has greatly affected our lives. It is referred to as a phenomenon because it controls its users minds, yet the users cannot even conceive this because they are so deeply involved. "... in the latter half of the twentieth century, [telev ...

Human nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human nutrition - Essay Example An unhealthy diet or crash dieting can lead to severe deficiencies and diseases of malnutrition. It is advisable to include plenty of whole grains, cereals, poultry, fish, eggs, vegetables and fruits and milk and milk products in our diet for a strong healthy body. Health is said to be man’s greatest wealth. Being healthy is choosing the right food. The dictum â€Å"What we are is what we eat†, is truer than most of us realize. Our body needs food for growth, energy, maintenance, repair and reproduction. Although extremely resilient, the right foods in the right quantities, are essential for the smooth functioning of all the body’s vital parts. We need to consume adequate quantities of food that provide the six essential nutrients - carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water to ensure a healthy mind and body. Whole grains, vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products as well as meat and fish or pulses and legumes are essential to supply these vital nutrients. The American Medical Association’s Food and Nutrition council very aptly defines nutrition as â€Å"the Science of food†. (Kovacs 2008 Diet & Nutrition page 1) According to my recorded food intake for three days, All three varieties -carbohydrates, proteins and fats - seem to be over the required dietary intake as prescribed by the DRI .

Managerial Finance in a Health Spa Resort Assignment

Managerial Finance in a Health Spa Resort - Assignment Example In the face of looming competition, the company has decided to revamp its operations and in this respect formulate a suitable strategy, taking into account the escalating demand for the services provided by the Health and Beauty sector in the leisure industry, with the aim of sustaining growth and strengthening its market share. â€Å"The method a company uses to expand its business is largely contingent upon its financial situation, the competition and even government regulation. Some common growth strategies in business include market penetration, market expansion, product expansion, diversification and acquisition†. (Suttle, R., 2012) The following important issues have been identified, in connection with the strategies to be evolved, during the discussions at board level. Better marketing and cost reduction exercises could not improve profitability dramatically as the company in these cases cannot push beyond certain limits. The idea of bringing down the debt level, so that the company can plow back the profits generated for investment, is not consistent with the objectives of growth and increasing market share, which calls for new investment. The company needs to think about new strategies to improve profitability and market share. It is in this backdrop, the following strategies have been put forward for consideration after discussion between the board and the management team. This paper seeks to analyze the above strategies and advise the company with regard to the advantages and critical issues related to the strategies put forward and the strategy best suited for the company for achieving its objectives of growth and increase in market share in the long run. It is proposed to acquire the assets of the company New You. Smith, H.T.J. & Moraitis, T. (2009, p.86) state â€Å"The traditional logic of an acquisition is based on inter-assets synergies that are expected to arise when the merged organizations can support activities more proï ¬ tably in combination than they could separately.† New You is a major player in  the industry with a market share of 28% as given in Exhibit 1.